Pdf distribution and socioecological impacts of the invasive alien. Pdf status of opuntia invasions in the arid and semi. Observed adjacent to a highway near lake baringo, rift valley, kenya, africa. Opuntia stricta is a coastal prickly pear cactus that occurs on the shores of florida and other southeastern states. Local dispersal around existing clumps occurs when segments or fruit drop to the ground and take root. General biosecurity duty all plants are regulated with a general biosecurity duty to prevent, eliminate or minimise any biosecurity risk they may pose. Opuntia stricta is a cactus that can grow up to 2 metres in height and originates in central america. Fatty acid composition and rheological behaviour of prickly pear seed oils monia ennouri a,b, bourret evelyne b, mondolot laurence c, attia hamadi a a unite. This plant is a weed of national significance this plant must not be sold anywhere in nsw. Here opuntia stricta has spread out from an old homestead. An opuntia in nahilalakip ha familia nga cactaceae. Provided by smithsonian institution, department of botany. The height of this species is variable but is typically around 24 feet with an. Todas as suas especies sao originarias do continente americano, onde sao encontradas desde a patagonia ate os estados unidos da america.
Common names common prickly pear, class 2 flower colour. These leaves are present on young shoots but fall off soon. Several species of prickly pear are cultivated for their edible fruits and paddles. It is a low, spreading shrub, approximately 1 m tall, with elliptic, bluegreen, flattened stem segments cladodes or leaf pads that become narrower towards the base. Opuntia stricta erect prickly pear coastal prickly pear.
Erect pricklypear grows north to south on the east and west coast and is quite common growing along coastal dunes, coastal grasslands, coastal hammocks and on shell mounds. United states virgin islands, saint john, east end quarter. These stem segments are hairless and generally do not have any spines sometimes one or two large spines are present on the small raised bumps i. The prickly pear opuntia ficusindica is an invasive species. Cochineal are cottony white bugs without legs that feed exclusively on cacti. The most common form of nopal used in the studies was the broiled stem of opuntia streptacantha given as a 100500 g daily. Click on a place name to get a complete protected plant list for that location. Stems swollen and flattened, obconical to 20 x 8 cm. It is also listed in the global invasive species database, and regarded to be in the top 100 of. Opuntia stricta is very similar to opuntia ficusindica sweet prickly pear and opuntia monacantha drooping tree pear. Learn more about the genus opuntia, including its geographical range, physical characteristics, and notable species.
Impact assessment erect prickly pear opuntia stricta. Impact assessment erect prickly pear opuntia stricta in victoria nox toggle navigation. The respective treatment was indicated in writing on the. This species was recently listed as a priority environmental weed in two natural resource management regions. More information on that event is available in this website at prickly pear history. There is detailed information about identification and control of opuntioid cactiincluding opuntia stricta in managing opuntioid cacti in australia. Plants profile for opuntia stricta erect pricklypear. Reconstructing the history of opuntia stricta invasion in the kruger. Common pest pear opuntia stricta spcommon pest pear or prickly pear opuntia stricta spp.
Cladodes are a bright shiny green when young, narrowly obovate to oblonglanceolate in outline, 1035 cm long and 7. Best practice control manual for austrocylindropuntia, cylindropuntia, and opuntia species produced by the western australian agriculture authority. Australian pest pear opuntia stricta pdf is a native of the southeastern usa, mexico and cuba. To view the information pdf requires the use of a pdf reader. In 1754, the scots botanist philip miller dividit cacti intae several genera, includin opuntia.
Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, cactaceae. Pdf many cactus species have been introduced around the world and have subsequently. Common prickly pear opuntia stricta is regarded as an environmental weed in queensland, new south wales, victoria and western australia. The prickly pear story department of agriculture and fisheries biosecurity queensland restricted invasive plant. Opuntia, genus of 150180 species of flatjointed cacti family cactaceae native to the new world. Introduction to the behavioral ecology of introduction. Clusters of hairs and spines borne on raised lumps, small yellow hairs are called glochids. Sep 29, 2011 obon jm, castellar mr, alacid m, fernandezlopez ja 2009 production of a redpurple food colorant from opuntia stricta fruits by spray drying and its application in food model systems. The prickly pear story department of agriculture and. Common names include erect prickly pear and nopal estricto spanish. The ecology and morphological variation of opuntia cactaceae species in the midsouth, united states by lucas charles majure a thesis submitted to the faculty of mississippi state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in biological sciences in the department of biological sciences. Opuntia stricta is a large sized species of cactus that is endemic to the subtropical and tropical coastal areas of the americas and the caribbean.
Opuntia stricta was widespread and abundant in parts of kenya, tanzania and ethiopia and present at low densities in uganda. The global cactus working group iobc gcwg was launched in. Its fruit is composed of around 69% peels, 21% pulp, and 10% seeds. The genus opuntia, commonly known as prickly pear cactus, includes species that produce nutritious fruits and young, edible cladodes stem pads, also called joints, which are used as a vegetable. Evaluation of herbicides for control of common prickly pear opuntia stricta var. On the contrary, the spineless variety opuntia ficusindica ermis is a widely cultivated plant in central and south america, edible for men and animals. We recorded the distribution of opuntia stricta in eastern africa, and conducted 200. At right in the photo is a red, nearly ripe fruit or pear. Several small n 732 published clinical trials all conducted by the same research group using different forms and doses of opuntia species confirm mild to moderate beneficial effect in subjects with t2dm. Most are declared pests statewide for western australia. Opuntia stricta was widespread and abundant in parts of kenya. Segments elliptic to obovate, compressed, 1030 cm long, 720 cm. Previously, it was divided into three independent species. Australian pest pear sour prickly pear opuntia stricta cactaceaethe weed.
Plants profile for opuntia dillenii erect pricklypear. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Dactylopius opuntiae reduced an opuntia stricta var. Despite what we know, there are many facets to the story of opuntia in dr. Opuntia stricta opunsheeuh striktuh is one of four native opuntia species that occur in florida. Opuntia stricta was considered to be australias worst ever weed. Segments elliptic to obovate, compressed, 1030 cm long, 720 cm wide. May 18, 2015 the prickly pear opuntia ficusindica is an invasive species. During the writing of the paper abrw was supported as a c. May 03, 2007 opuntia, prickly pear cactus spineless opuntia stricta by xenomorf may 3, 2007 10.
Opuntia was present in the general area for at least 50 years before it became an invasive weed, and its spread corresponded to increasing degradation of the grassland. Austrocylindropuntia vestita, cylindropuntia californica and opuntia santarita. Shell mound pricklypear opuntia stricta inaturalist. Food chemistry fatty acid composition and rheological. Opuntia e um genero botanico da familia cactaceae, vulgarmente conhecido como opuncia, ou em portugal figododiabo. Opuntia stricta is a large sized species of cactus that is endemic in the subtropical and tropical coastal areas of the americas and the caribbean. The plant fragments can be dispersed in flood waters or by native animals. State opuntia management plan australian invasive cacti network. Spines sparse on joint 1 or 2or 3 per areole, but on main trunk to 12 per areole, erect or spreading, grayish. These species can be distinguished by the following differences.
The opuntioid cacti austrocylindropuntia species, cylindropuntia species and opuntia species except o. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Opuntia stricta is a shrubby, lowspreading to erect, evergreen cactus, sometimes forming large, wide clumps that are seldom more than 80cm tall, though occasional forms with definite trunks are known to grow 2 3 metres tall. Opuntia stricta, beach, florida prickly pear cactus. When carl linnaeus published species plantarum in 1753 the stairtin pynt for modren botanical nomenclatur he placed aw the species o cactus kent tae him in ane genus, cactus. Reinhardt cf, rossouw l, thatcher l, lotter wd, 1999. Opuntia stricta commonly called prickly pear cactus is a natural. This spiny shrub favours habitats such as rocky slopes, river banks and urban areas. Commonwealth prickly pear board bulletin, government printer, brisbane 1940. The first description as cactus strictus was published in 1803 by adrian hardy haworth. Bushy, clumped plant, distinct trunks absent, clumps usually 1. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Conservatory, containers, drought tolerant, gravel, indoor, rock.
Opuntia stricta is belonging to the cactaceae family and comprises from 200 to 300 species. Opuntia stricta erect prickly pear will reach a height of 1m and a spread of 2m after 1020 years suggested uses. Common names include erect prickly pear and nopal estricto. Pdf opuntia stricta cladode extract reduces blood glucose. He distinguished the genus lairgely on the form o its flouers an fruits.
Adense stand of sour pricklypear, opuntia stricta, near skukuza. Opuntioid cacti best practice control manual agriculture and food. Victorian resources online agriculture victoria department of jobs, precincts and regions. Opuntia stricta haworth is now generally accepted as a single species comprising two varieties or subspecies, o. Opuntia, prickly pear cactus spineless opuntia stricta by xenomorf may 3, 2007 10. Any person who deals with any plant, who knows or ought to know of any biosecurity risk, has a duty to ensure the risk is prevented, eliminated or minimised, so far as is reasonably practicable. The cactus may also occur naturally in the caribbean, the gulf coast of mexico, the eastern shores of mesoamerica, and on the northern shores of south america. Best practice control manual for austrocylindropuntia, cylindropuntia, and opuntia species produced by the.
Asexually from stem fragments, flowers or immature fruits dispersal. Distribution and socioecological impacts of the invasive alien cactus opuntia stricta in eastern africa. In 1812 he introduced the species in the genus opuntia. The genus is named for the ancient greek city of opus, where, according to theophrastus, an edible plant grew.
An invasive species in kenya, opuntia prickly pear. Opuntia stricta fruit juice is a potential source of betacyanin pigments which can be used as a natural red purple food colorant. Opuntia stricta haw, fruits have recently invaded the harsh dry rangelands of. Distribution and socioecological impacts of the invasive alien. Opuntia stricta is also controlled by a cochineal insect, dactylopius opuntiae. This weed belongs to the group prickly pears opuntias.